Lava and gas continued to erupt from Kilauea volcano across a remote, rural neighborhood on Hawaii Island, and by Monday had destroyed 35 structures, including at least 26 homes, authorities said.
By Monday, the emission of lava from multiple fissures had become minimal, the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said, but “this is likely only a pause in activity; additional outbreaks or a resumption of activity are anticipated as seismicity continues in the area.”
Video published by the USGS showed asphalt roads being slowly consumed by a moving wall of molten rock, with thick red-hot lava glowing underneath, as black smoke billowed upward. USGS helicopter footage showed a river of ash cut through lush tropical forest, with a lava fountain that had been active Sunday billowing red hot molten rock around the charred landscape.
At least 10 fissures have developed since Kilauea began a fresh eruption Thursday in the Leilani Estates neighborhood, about 25 miles east of the summit of Kilauea,
 |
 |
one of the world’s most active volcanoes and Hawaii Island’s youngest.
Ground cracks have begun to emerge crossing Highway 130, west of the eruptions, the USGS said. Fluctuating and intermittent eruptions are likely to continue along the volcano’s eastern shoulder, known as the lower East Rift Zone, and scientists warned that although Leilani Estates remains at highest risk, other areas in the region could also fall at risk if the eruption continues.
There was no way to say for certain how long the current eruption would continue. In 2014, lava spilled out from the volcano, and authorities worried for months that the town of Pahoa would be inundated. In the end, the supply feeding the lava shut down and it never inundated the town; just one home was destroyed.
In 1990, lava flows of up to 80 feet buried the town of Kalapana, known for its historical sites and black sand beaches. A church, a store and roughly 100 homes were destroyed.
The last time Kilauea opened up fissures in a residential area was in 1960, just outside the town of Kapoho. Lava fountains in that eruption were higher — up to 330 feet. When the crack began to seal up, the lava fountain that resulted was even taller.
Efforts to divert the lava away from homes during that event failed. Kapoho managed to survive for two weeks after the first eruption, but its fortunes changed when less viscous lava spilled out. In the end, Kapoho was destroyed.
An estimated 1,800 people live in the affected area of the current eruption, and many have sought housing in shelters, with friends or on surrounding islands.
Hawaii County officials have allowed some residents to return to their homes briefly to retrieve items and pets left behind during the sudden evacuation Thursday. Lava flows have been disrupting electricity and water supply, and officials were working to build a temporary bypass water line to restore water to Kapoho, Vacationland and Pohoiki.
Residents were not permitted access to the nearby neighborhood of Lanipuna Gardens, as levels of toxic gas coming from the eruptions were deemed too hazardous to allow for safe entry to the area.
Other areas in the region may come under risk if the eruption progresses.
Some schools reopened Monday, including those in the town of Pahoa. But four others remained shut.
The state of Hawaii has six active volcanoes, four of which are on Hawaii Island. The three others are:
• Mauna Loa, which the USGS says is the largest volcano on Earth and last erupted in 1984. That eruption lasted for 22 days and caused flows of lava that got to within about 4 1/2 miles of Hilo, the largest populated area on the island.
• Hualalai, which last erupted in 1801, creating a lava flow that is now underneath Kona International Airport.
• Mauna Kea, the highest volcano on the island. It last erupted 4,500 to 6,000 years ago.
Maui has one active volcano, Haleakala, which erupted 400 to 600 years ago. The state’s sixth active volcano, Loihi, is underwater, about 22 miles southeast of Hawaii Island, and last erupted in 1996.
Hawaii tourism officials emphasized that the volcano threat was limited to a remote region of eastern Hawaii Island and was not interrupting flights. The closest resort areas, in Kona and the Kohala Coast, are on Hawaii Island’s west side, more than 100 miles away from the eruption.
There are 169 active volcanoes in the United States — including underneath Yellowstone — and 1,550 in the world that are above sea level.
We wouldn’t exist without volcanoes, scientists say. Volcanic eruptions provide nutrients, like nitrogen, for soil and their gases, especially water vapor, helped form the atmosphere we now have.
“It provides so much good,” said volcanologist Janine Krippner of Concord University in West Virginia. “We just have to get out of their way while they do their thing.”
By RONG-GONG LIN II
Los Angeles Times (TNS)
Leave a Reply